I am not aware of a multi-purpose 2D/3D program suited to making designs for both CNC and 3D printing. Fusion 360 and programs like to it are the closest option.
If you want to make 3D things, then you will need a 3D tool, which usually is a 3D CAD program such as Alibre Atom3D — an STL will be exported from it, then loaded into a “Slicer” (which is the 3D printing equivalent of a CAM program for CNC).
You may find it helpful to review the Glossary at:
FWIW, if you did work up a 3D design in Carbide Create which you were satisfied with, then you could export G-code from it, generate a 3D preview using some 3rd party tool, then export an STL from that 3rd party tool to 3D print the 3D design from Carbide Create — that would be just as awkward as it sounds.
For using the 3D printer you may want to look into things such as:
and perhaps designs such as:
Note that many of the customizable designs for 3D printing are either done with Fusion 360:
or OpenSCAD (which is a programming environment/tool):
That said, there are enough shared 3D designs that maybe you would never need to do anything other than download an STL, slice, and then print.