For a cutting board, what type of wood / process is used to get this effect (color contrast). It almost looks like a different grain on the carved sections, but the wood does not looked layered at all. Is the surface stained lighter prior to carving ?
So one possibility is the surface was pickled (painting technique) and then carved. That does not make sense for a cutting board. Another possibility is the surface was veneered and then carved but again that does not make sense for a cutting board. So to me the text looks like Walnut flat grain which again does not make sense for a cutting board. Usually cutting boards are end grain to take the abuse of constant cutting. A cutting board that is made of flat grain would be so ugly in a short time from t he knife marks that you would throw it out. What is the source of your picture? Maybe the picture source could give you a clue about what you are looking at.
The first photo shows a ‘grain’ that seems different from the top surface - it looks more like parallel lines close together. That would be consistent with laser engraving, using a raster pattern.